@Article{karney78c,
  author =       {Charles F. F. Karney},
  title =        {Stochastic Ion Heating by a Lower Hybrid Wave},
  journal =      {Phys. Fluids},
  volume =       21,
  number =       9,
  pages =        {1584-1599},
  month =        sep,
  year =         1978,
  reprint =      {pf78b},
  preprint =     {Princeton Univ. Rept. \eref{PPPL-1429}{PPPL--1429}
                  (Apr. 1978) 53 pp.},
  doi =          {10.1063/1.862406},
  errata =       {stoch-errata},
  abstract =     {The motion of an ion in a lower hybrid wave in a
                  tokamak type plasma is studied.  For ions with
                  <i>v</i><sub>&perp;</sub> &ge;
                  &omega;/<i>k</i><sub>&perp;</sub>, the motion is
                  stochastic for fields satisfying
                  <i>E</i>/<i>B</i><sub>0</sub> &gt;
                  &frac14;(&Omega;<sub><i>i</i></sub>&nbsp;/&omega;)<sup>1/3</sup>(&omega;/<i>k</i><sub>&perp;</sub>).
                  Provided that the perpendicular phase velocity,
                  &omega;/<i>k</i><sub>&perp;</sub>, can be slowed down
                  to a few times the ion thermal speed, this stochastic
                  ion motion may be an important mechanism by which
                  injected rf power near the lower hybrid frequency can
                  directly heat the ions.}
}