@Article{karney79a,
  author =       {Charles F. F. Karney and Abhijit Sen and
                  Flora Y. F. Chu},
  title =        {Nonlinear Evolution of Lower Hybrid Waves},
  journal =      {Phys. Fluids},
  volume =       22,
  number =       5,
  pages =        {940-952},
  month =        may,
  year =         1979,
  reprint =      {pf79a},
  preprint =     {Princeton Univ. Rept. \eref{PPPL-1452}{PPPL--1452}
                  (June 1978) 38 pp.},
  doi =          {10.1063/1.862688},
  abstract =     {The two-dimensional steady-state distribution of lower
                  hybrid waves is governed by the complex modified
                  Korteweg-deVries equation, <i>v</i><sub>&tau;</sub> +
                  <i>v</i><sub>&xi;&xi;&xi;</sub> +
                  (|<i>v</i>|<sup>2</sup><i>v</i>)<sub>&xi;</sub> = 0,
                  where <i>v</i> is proportional to the electric field
                  and &xi; and &tau; are two spatial coordinates.  The
                  equation is studied numerically.  Two types of
                  solitary waves can arise; one is a constant phase
                  pulse, whereas the other is an envelope solitary wave.
                  These solitary waves are not solitons.  The occurrence
                  of the constant phase pulses points to the possibility
                  of internal reflections due to scattering off
                  ponderomotive density fluctuations.  This necessitates
                  solving the equation as a boundary value problem.
                  With typical fields for lower hybrid heating of a
                  tokamak, it is found that large reflections can occur
                  close to the edge of the plasma.}
}